Glycolic Acid May Be the Most Effective Exfoliator for Your Skin

Glycolic acid has remained one of the most trusted skincare ingredients for decades thanks to its powerful exfoliating and anti-aging benefits. Widely recommended by dermatologists, this multitasking acid is commonly found in cleansers, serums, creams, toners, and professional chemical peels. Its ability to improve skin texture, unclog pores, and support collagen production has made it a staple in many skincare routines.

That said, glycolic acid is also a potent active ingredient, which means it should be used carefully. Overuse or combining it with other strong actives such as retinol, AHAs, or BHAs may lead to irritation, redness, or peeling, especially for sensitive skin types.

Here’s everything you need to know about glycolic acid, including its benefits, possible side effects, and the best way to use it.

Glycolic Acid

Type of Ingredient: Alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA)

Main Benefits: Exfoliates dead skin cells, unclogs pores, helps reduce acne, boosts collagen production, smooths texture, and attracts moisture to the skin.

Best For: Most skin types, including sensitive skin when used correctly.

How Often to Use: Depending on the formula and concentration, glycolic acid can often be used daily or a few times a week.

Pairs Well With: Hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid and brightening ingredients such as kojic acid or hydroquinone.

Avoid Pairing With: Other strong acids and retinoids unless directed by a skincare professional.

What Is Glycolic Acid?

Glycolic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid derived from sugarcane. It is one of the most widely used exfoliating acids in skincare because of its small molecular size, which allows it to penetrate the skin more effectively than many other AHAs.

Available in both over-the-counter and professional-strength formulas, glycolic acid is used in cleansers, serums, toners, moisturizers, and chemical peels. Lower concentrations are generally suitable for home use, while stronger peels are typically performed by dermatologists or skincare professionals.

Compared to gentler AHAs like lactic acid or malic acid, glycolic acid tends to deliver faster and more noticeable exfoliation results.

Benefits of Glycolic Acid for Skin

Exfoliates Dead Skin Cells

Glycolic acid works by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to shed more easily. This process helps reveal smoother, softer, and brighter-looking skin underneath.

Helps Prevent Acne

By clearing away excess oil, dirt, and dead skin buildup, glycolic acid helps keep pores unclogged. Since clogged pores are one of the leading causes of acne, regular use may help reduce breakouts and improve overall skin clarity.

Improves Skin Texture

Consistent use can help refine rough texture, soften dry patches, and create a more even-looking complexion.

Supports Collagen Production

Glycolic acid works beyond the surface layer of the skin. It can stimulate collagen production within deeper layers, which may help improve skin firmness and reduce the appearance of fine lines over time.

Brightens the Skin

Exfoliation encourages skin cell turnover, which can gradually fade post-acne marks, dullness, and uneven pigmentation.

How Long Does Glycolic Acid Take to Work?

Some benefits, like smoother and brighter skin, may be noticeable almost immediately after use due to its exfoliating effects. Improvements in fine lines, acne scars, and uneven texture usually require consistent use over several weeks or months.

Possible Side Effects of Glycolic Acid

Like most exfoliating acids, glycolic acid can cause irritation if overused or used incorrectly. Common side effects may include redness, dryness, peeling, burning, or increased sensitivity.

People with eczema-prone, dehydrated, or highly sensitive skin may experience stronger reactions and should introduce glycolic acid slowly into their routine.

Because glycolic acid increases photosensitivity, daily sunscreen use is essential.

How to Use Glycolic Acid

Start slowly when introducing glycolic acid into your skincare routine. Using it two to three times per week initially can help your skin build tolerance before increasing frequency.

Glycolic acid is best applied at night since it can make skin more sensitive to sunlight. Follow with a hydrating moisturizer to minimize dryness and support the skin barrier.

Avoid layering glycolic acid with strong exfoliants, retinoids, or multiple active ingredients in the same routine unless your skin is already accustomed to them.

Recommended Products

The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Exfoliating Toner

The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Exfoliating Toner is a cult-favorite chemical exfoliant designed to smooth rough texture, brighten dull skin, and improve overall skin clarity. Formulated with glycolic acid and soothing botanical extracts, it helps gently remove dead skin cells while leaving the skin looking more radiant and even-toned. Click here to buy.

Naturium Glycolic Acid Resurfacing Gel 10%

Naturium Glycolic Acid Resurfacing Gel 10% is a leave-on exfoliating treatment formulated to improve uneven texture, dullness, and the appearance of fine lines. Powered by a high-strength glycolic acid blend, it helps resurface the skin while supporting a smoother, brighter, and more refined complexion. Click here to buy.

The INKEY List 10% Glycolic Acid Toner

A powerful 10% glycolic acid formula that effectively exfoliates dead skin cells to visibly brighten tone and smooth uneven texture. Infused with 5% witch hazel, it minimizes excess oil and refines the appearance of pores without stripping the skin's moisture barrier. Click here to buy.

FAQ

Is glycolic acid better than retinol?

They work differently. Glycolic acid exfoliates the skin’s surface by removing dead skin cells, while retinol increases skin cell turnover and supports collagen production. Both are effective but serve different skincare goals.

Can glycolic acid be used daily?

Yes, depending on the concentration and your skin’s tolerance. Some people can use it daily, while others may need to limit use to a few times a week to avoid irritation.

What percentage of glycolic acid should beginners use?

Beginners should generally start with lower concentrations and gradually work up as their skin adjusts.

Should you moisturize after glycolic acid?

Yes. Applying a moisturizer afterward helps reduce dryness and supports the skin barrier.

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II DISCLAIMER: Every skin is different, not everything works for everybody. I recommend you test the product before completely using any new product. II